Unit I Web Assignment
Virtual Experiment
As you learned in Chapter 1, problems and questions can be answered by applying the scientific method. This assignment will allow you to gain some experience in using the steps of the scientific method to conduct a controlled experiment. You will also gain experience recording data and constructing graphs.
Click here to download the experiment worksheet. Follow the instructions in the worksheet, save your file as a .doc, docx, or .rtf file using your last name and student number as the file name. Upload the completed assignment when you are finished for grading.
Preview of the Answer
Scientific Method
Unit I Assignment
Directions: Type your answers directly on this sheet in the space provided after each question. Please either highlight your answer or type them in RED font. Save the worksheet using your last name and student number as the file name. Upload the completed assignment as a .doc, .docx or .rtf file when you are finished for grading.
Introduction:
As you learned in Chapter 1, problems and questions can be answered by applying the scientific method. This assignment will allow you to gain some experience in using the steps of the scientific method to conduct a controlled experiment. You will also gain experience recording data and constructing graphs.
Objectives:
Conduct scientific experiments using the steps of the scientific method.
Materials:
Computer with internet access
Microsoft Excel or other graphing software.
Directions:
· Read the introductory activity in the Greenhouse Manual concerning the European Corn Borer. After you read the manual, follow the instructions on the left side of the screen to complete the experiment.
· Complete 12 different trials and record your information in the Results Table on this page. You will then use that information to insert a chart graphing your data. You will test 4 different types of corn and you will run 3 different tests for each type: No infestation, Low infestation and High infestation.
· To change the corn types, you will have to click the reset button after each trial.
Answer the following questions:
· Questions 1 – 11 are short answer questions and should be answered in 2 to 3 words or 1 to 2 complete sentences. Each short answer question is worth 5 pts for a total of 55 points. You also need to record your data in the table (25 points) and insert your graph (20 points).
· Type all answers directly on this data sheet and upload the data sheet as a .doc, .docx or .rtf file when finished. Save this document using your last name and student ID as the file name. Please either highlight your answer or type them in RED font.
1. What is the independent variable in the experiment? Level of European Corn Borer (ECB) infestation
2. What is the dependent variable in the experiment? Yield of corn plants
3. State a question that could be answered conducting this lab: What is the effect of ECB infestation on crop yield?
4. State your hypothesis? High ECB infestation leads to low crop yields
5. What determines the yield of corn? The level of ECB infestation
6. What are three things that result in low yields? Plant diseases, poor soil conditions, extreme weather conditions
7. According to your results table, what combination of variables produced the best yield? BT 456 corn
8. What is your conclusion? High ECB infection causes low corn yield
9. Did your results support your hypothesis? Yes
10. Did you prove your hypothesis? Yes
11. What does this experiment tell you about the importance of scientific information and technology, and how it applies to the real world? That scientific information is quite useful to the society. By using scientific information, one can perform experiments in the lab and simulate the actual conditions in the real world. This can help in finding solutions to many problems plaguing the society.
Results Table (25 points)
Insert Your Graph Chart Here. (20 points)
Unit III Annotated Bibliography
Pick a type of cancer to research. Find articles that answer questions concerning your chosen type of cancer. This assignment will help you to organize the sources you will use in the Unit V Research Paper. An annotated bibliography consists of two parts: the reference citation in APA format, followed by the summary for that reference.
Your sources should address the following topics, which will be included in the Unit V Research Paper:
Define cancer.
Describe the type of cancer you selected.
Describe the diagnosis: symptoms, diagnosis, staging, and prognosis.
Discuss treatment options, including medicines/alternative treatments.
Discuss causes/risk factors. o Include the incidence rate or statistics.
Explain the resources you would use if you or someone you knew had this type of cancer.
Discuss what you can do to help the fight against cancer. o Include any other interesting facts.
Create an annotated bibliography following the structure given in the example:
Find four to six current sources (published within the last five years).
Note that the reference citations should be organized in alphabetical order.
Summaries should not include opinions; rather, summaries should contain a short synopsis of the article, and no direct quotes should be present. End your summary with one or two sentences on why that source was selected and how it is of value to your research topic. Each summary should be at least 50 words in length.
You must use at least two articles from any of the CSU Online Library databases to create your annotated bibliography. The remaining sources may include the textbook and credible websites other than Wikipedia.
Unit IV Lab Assignment
Cellular Respiration Lab
This cellular respiration lab will introduce you to various chemical processes within living organisms. On page 126 in the textbook, you learned about the three stages of cellular respiration. In this lab assignment, you will learn about both aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration. You will conduct a virtual laboratory experiment in which you will examine the fermentation of different sugars by yeast.
Make sure you read and follow all instructions step by step. Even though this is a computerized lab, you can do it incorrectly. Make sure you read the background information carefully before starting the lab. You will record your data and analyze your data. Analyzing the data will require you to perform mathematical computations based on the formulas in the background section of the lab. You will record all of your data and answer the questions on the Lab Report once you are finished.
Cellular Respiration Lab Report
General Concepts
What are the commercial products produced by fermentation or anaerobic respiration? List at least two.
Alcohol
Carbon dioxide
2. What is the purpose of respiration?
Respiration serves to provide the cells with the chemical energy they require in order to carry out their functions.
3. What are the differences between anaerobic and aerobic respiration?
Aerobic respiration takes place in presence of oxygen to produce chemical energy.
Anaerobic respiration, on the other hand, takes place in the absence of oxygen.
Aerobic respiration produces more chemical energy compared to anaerobic respiration.
4. Why do disaccharides produce more CO2 than monosaccharides?
A monosaccharide is composed of one sugar while a disaccharide is composed of two monosaccharide sugars.
A monosaccharide will produce 2 CO2 molecules per molecule of sugar whereas a disaccharide produces 4 CO2 molecules per molecule of sugar. As a result, disaccharides produce more CO2.
Experiment-Specific Questions
Digestion of Individual Sugars by Yeast Cells
1. For each of the sugars fermented by yeast, fill in the chart below to determine CO2 production?
For each of the sugars fermented by yeast, fill in the chart below to determine the mg of sugar consumed per minute during fermentation.
Moles of CO2 produced by glucose
Converting 19.2 mL to liters by dividing by 1000 =0.0192L
Moles of CO2 = (1 atm × 0.0192 L CO2) ÷ (0.082 L-atm/mole-Kelvin × (273+21.5)K
Moles of CO2 = 7.95x10-4moles
Moles of Glucose consumed
Moles of CO2 produced by Fructose
Moles of Fructose consumed
Moles of CO2 produced by Maltose
Moles of Maltose consumed
Moles of CO2 produced by Maltotriose
Moles of Maltotriose consumed
Calculate the mg of sugar fermented per minute
mg of glucose per minute = (0.0003975 moles glucose) × (MW 180.2 g/mole<) × (1000 mg/g) ÷ (5 minutes)
mg of glucose per minute = 14.33 mg/min
Based on your results, which sugars should be provided to yeast grown commercially to minimize the amount of sugar that needs to be purchased?
Glucose and Maltriose.
Unit V Research Report
Recall from the unit lesson, the chances of developing cancer are fairly high, and cancer is very much a current real world issue. Almost everyone has been affected by cancer in some way or knows someone who has been. This research report will have you explore the type of cancer you selected in Unit III.
Your research report should accomplish the following:
Introduce the paper’s purpose, including background information on what cancer is and a summary of the main points.
Describe the type of cancer you selected.
Describe the diagnosis: symptoms, diagnosis, staging, and prognosis.
Discuss treatment options, including medicines/alternative treatments.
Discuss causes/risk factors.
Include the incidence rate or statistics.
Explain the resources you would use if you or someone you knew had this type of cancer. · Discuss what you can do to help the fight against cancer.
Include any other interesting facts.
Your research report should be at least three full pages in length and include an introduction, a body, and a conclusion. You are required to cite at least two peer-reviewed sources and two additional sources of your own choosing, for a minimum of four sources. You are encouraged to use the references from the Unit III annotated bibliography assignment, but it is not a requirement.
Unit VII Lab Assignment
Electrophoresis (DNA) Lab
This Electrophoresis (DNA) lab will introduce you to the practical application of DNA testing. In Chapter 13 of the textbook, we learned about the double helix and components of DNA. In this lab, you will conduct a paternity test to identify the biological father of a child using DNA.
Make sure you read and follow all instructions step by step. Even though this is a computerized lab, you can do it incorrectly. Make sure you read the background information carefully before starting the lab. You will record your data and analyze your data. You will record all of your data and answer the questions on the Lab Report once you are finished
Electrophoresis (DNA) Lab Report
General Concepts
1. How does gel electrophoresis sort DNA fragments?
It separates and sorts the fragments cut from a sample of DNA, based on the size of the fragment.
2. If each individual has such a small amount of DNA, how do the bands on the gel contain enough DNA to be visible?
The DNA samples are mixed with a loading buffer that contains a heavy substance that helps the DNA sample sink into the wells carved into the gel. A colored dye is then added to enable tracking of the DNA sample as it moves through the gel.
3. Many genes only have a few possible alleles. For example, humans only have a few eye colors and only four blood types. How can DNA tests definitively identify individuals when many men have brown eyes or type A blood?
Because a variable number of repeats are used in DNA tests
Experiment-Specific Questions
Lab Part 3: Analyzing the Results
1. List the distances traveled (in mm) for the bands in the DNA Ladder in the table below.
Remember, smaller fragments travel farther than longer ones, so the top-most band will be the 1,000 bp fragments while the bottom-most band will be the 50 bp fragments.
Remember, smaller fragments travel farther than longer ones, so the top-most band will be the 1,000 bp fragments while the bottom-most band will be the 50 bp fragments.
2.
DNA Ladder
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Band
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Distance (mm)
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50 bp
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90
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100 bp
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77
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150 bp
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69
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200 bp
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250 bp
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300 bp
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400 bp
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500 bp
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600 bp
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700 bp
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800 bp
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900 bp
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1,000 bp
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The DNA fragments from each subject contains one inherited allele. Therefore, there should be two bands in each lane, one representing the allele inherited from the subject's father and one inherited from the subject's mother.
List the distances traveled by each band in each lane, along with estimates for their sizes based on the DNA Ladder in the Answers below.
Mother's Bands
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Distance (mm)
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Size (bp)
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Band #1
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Band #2
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Child's Bands
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Distance (mm)
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Size (bp)
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Band #1
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Band #2
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Alleged Father #1's Bands
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Distance (mm)
|
Size (bp)
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Band #1
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Band #2
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Alleged Father #2's Bands
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Distance (mm)
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Size (bp)
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Band #1
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Band #2
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3. The child should have inherited one of its alleles from her mother. Which band is it?
Hint: Identify it by noting which band is the same bp for both mother and daughter.
Hint: Identify it by noting which band is the same bp for both mother and daughter.
4. Is this band present in either of the alleged father's DNA? If it were, how would that complicate identifying the father?
5. The child's other band is the one that was inherited from her father. Which alleged father, if any, can be definitively ruled out from being the child's biological father? This man is the one with neither band matching the child's. Of the two men, is there one who is likely the father?
Forensic scientists are trying to match suspects to a DNA sample left at the scene of a crime. The sample from the crime scene has 900 bp and 260 bp bands. The scientists have DNA samples from four suspects:
· Suspect I has 900 bp and 540 bp bands
· Suspect II has 840 bp and 260 bp bands
· Suspect III has 900 bp and 260 bp bands
· Suspect IV has 730 bp and 380 bp bands.
Which suspect is most probably the criminal?
7. John Doe has two possible fathers. John Doe’s mother has 850 bp and 400 bp bands. John Doe has 680 bp and 400 bp bands. Possible Father I has 680 bp and 500 bp bands. Possible Father II has 680 bp and 280 bp bands. Can you identify John Doe’s father?
Unit VIII Lab Assignment
Basic Microscopy Lab
In this unit, we discussed four aspects of biotechnology. None of these modern day advances would have been possible without the invention of the microscope, which enabled us to view cells. In this lab, you will gain experience in basic microscopy. You will use a virtual microscope to examine the various cell types and cell structures that you previously learned about in Unit III.
Make sure you read and follow all instructions step by step. Even though this is a computerized lab, you can do it incorrectly. Make sure you read the background information carefully before starting the lab. You will record your data and analyze your data. You will record all of your data and answer the questions on the Lab Report once you are finished. Note: You will not be able to access your Portfolio snapshots until the lab is completed.
Basic Microscopy Lab Report
General Concepts
1. What are at least two major differences between eukaryote and prokaryote cells and one major similarity between the two?
Differences
Eukaryotes cells have membrane-bound organelles such as nucleus. Prokaryote cells, on the other hand lack membrane-bound organelles
Prokaryotes are typically single cell organisms, while eukaryotes cells are cells contained within multi-organisms
Similarity
Both types of cells have a plasma membrane and a cytoplasm
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2. Fill in the table below with the function of the different organelles and which organisms the organelles are found in.
Organelles
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Organelle
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Function
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Organisms
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Cell membrane
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To separate the inside and outside of a cell. Contains the organelles and protects them from the outside environment. Essentially the skin of the cell
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Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes
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Cytoplasm
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Fluid in which the nucleus and organelles are contained in. Bound by the cell membrane and/or Cell Wall. Contains ribosomes as well.
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Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes
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Nucleus
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Organelle that contains the DNA for eukaryotes cells
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Eukaryotes
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Chloroplast
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Organelle that is responsible for photosynthesis
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Eukaryotes
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3. Compare the shape of the organisms that did and did not have cell walls. What effect does the cell wall have on the shape of the organism?
The shapes of the cells without a cell wall were less put together. They weren't as squared off as the cells with a cell wall
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Experiment-Specific Questions
1. Experiment 1: Introduction to the RADIANCE Virtual Microscope - The Amoeba
Drag your Amoeba image(s) from your portfolio and drop it here
Experiment 2: The Spirogyra
Drag your Spirogyra image from your portfolio and drop it here.
Experiment 3: Animal Cell Structure - Cardiac Muscle
Drag your Cardiac Muscle image from your portfolio and drop it here.
Experiment 4: Bacterial Cell Structure
Drag your Dark Field image from your portfolio and drop it here.
2. Drag your Phase Contrast image from your portfolio and drop it here.
3. Why was it necessary to use phase contrast and dark field microscopy to visualize prokaryotes, but not eukaryotes?
It is necessary due to the smaller size and the lack of reflection from the light field
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