Week 1 Seminar
Public Services
This week, you are exploring the distinction between public
sector organisations and public services provided by an organisation or a group
of organisations in any sector. That the two are different concepts is a
consequence of increasing organisational and inter-organisational complexity in
pursuit for cheaper and more efficient ways to design and deliver services for
the public. Increasingly, it also mirrors efforts to have services responsive
to consumers’ needs. This complexity however must keep ‘publicness’ at the
heart of public services. To enable you to engage with these issues, for this
week’s Seminar, identify one public service in your area which is not provided
by a public sector organisation – what makes the service provided ‘public’?
To prepare for this Seminar:
Review this week’s Learning Resources with a focus on your
Learning Objectives for this session / lecture.
To complete this Seminar:
Initial Response
By Saturday (Day 3), in a response of approximately 300-500
words, address the following brief:
Identify a public service in your area which is not provided by
a public sector organisation.
Who designs and provides that service?
What makes the service provided ‘public’?
Collaboration
By Wednesday (Day 7), post three to five responses to your
colleagues by:
Offering constructive comments on your colleague’s posts
Offering contributions based upon your prior experience
Extending the discussion into new but relevant areas
Modelling or promoting critical reflection from what you have
read
Ensure that you spread your Collaboration posts across at least
3 separate days of each week. This will help maximise the value of your
collaboration with colleagues and serve to meet the learning objectives for
each activity.
Submit your Initial Response to the Turnitin link provided and
post to the Seminar Forum.
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Week 2 Seminar
Outputs and outcomes
This week you have been exploring the distinction between
outputs and outcomes of public service work. Because work outputs are easier
than outcomes to identify, measure and evaluate, they are also easier for
public service managers to prioritise over longer-term policy outcomes.
Politicians’ limited term in office also contribute to an oversight of
long-term policy outcomes. These issues form the focus of this week’s Seminar.
To prepare for this Seminar:
Review this week’s Learning Resources with a focus on this
week’s Learning Objectives.
To complete this Seminar:
Initial Response
By Sunday (Day 4), in a response of approximately 300-500
words, address the following issues/questions:
·
What is the difference between
outputs and outcomes? Identify examples in service areas you are familiar with.
·
How and why are these two often
conflated in the public sector, and indeed in the examples you have identified?
Collaboration
By Wednesday (Day 7), post three to five responses to your
colleagues by:
Offering contributions based upon your prior experience
Extending the discussion into new but relevant areas
Modelling or promoting critical reflection from what you have
read
Ensure that you spread your Collaboration posts across at least
3 separate days of each week. This will help maximise the value of your
collaboration with colleagues and serve to meet the learning objectives for
each activity.
This week, you will be graded only on your Initial Response to
the Seminar questions and receive a formative evaluation of your Collaboration
responses. Next week, you will be graded on your Collaboration responses for
both Weeks 2 and 3 as well as your synthesis of the Seminar topic.
Submit your Initial Response to the Turnitin link provided and
post to the Seminar Forum.
Next week, you will continue this Seminar by questioning some
underlining issues - in particular, the ‘public value’ provided through public
services.
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Week 2 Personal Development Portfolio
What is the likely impact of your MPA degree programme?
Reminder: Your first deliverable for the Module Project
will be assigned next week.
To prepare for this Assignment:
Revisit your initial career aspirations and your hopes for this
programme.
Distinguish between immediate (outputs) and long-term impact
(outcomes) of this programme.
To complete this Assignment:
By Wednesday (Day 7), submit a response of approximately
500 words that addresses the following questions:
·
What career aspirations were you
trying to fulfil when you decided to take this MPA programme?
·
What alternatives were there to this
programme and what was the decision-making process leading up to the University
of Liverpool MPA?
·
What short-term impact is this
programme likely to have on your career?
·
What longer-term impact is the
programme likely to have on your career?
·
Are there other aspects of your life
which this programme has had an impact on, or on which it is likely to have an
impact in the future?
This assignment is not graded, but you will receive feedback
from your Instructor to help you improve your work. Please take advantage of
this opportunity to learn from your Instructor's feedback. Give the assignment
your full effort and ask for clarification on any feedback you do not
understand.
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Week 3 Seminar
Public Value (continued from Week 2)
This week you will continue to discuss theoretical aspects of
public service outputs and outcomes by linking these with the ‘publicness’ of
public goods and services. This underlining condition for public sector work is
important to emphasise because, regardless of the organisational field
(private, public, non-governmental) of the agency ultimately delivering the
service, the service being delivered is essentially public.
To prepare for this Seminar:
Review this week’s Learning Resources with a focus on this
week’s Learning Objectives.
Review your Week 2 Seminar as necessary.
Think of a complex social problem, involving multiple agencies
and organisations, and identify outputs and outcomes.
To complete this Seminar:
Name the complex social problem you have identified
Imagine a public service tackling that problem.
Point out at least two outputs and two outcomes for a public
service tackling the problem.
Assess whether there are any overlapping aspects, and if so,
identify why they may be.
Would that service be providing a public good or a public
service?
Are there any private goods and services which could be provided
instead of, or alongside the public ones, to tackle the social problem you have
identified?
Collaboration, continued
Until Monday (Day 5), post three to five responses to your
colleagues considering the following points in your discussion:
·
What are the overlaps between
outputs and outcomes?
·
To what extent do these overlaps
correspond to the distinction between public and private value provided through
the service?
·
Are there any overlaps between
public good and public service?
Review your colleagues’ posts and respond to several who offer a
perspective that differs from your own. Provide an example that either
challenges or corroborates their arguments.
Ensure that you spread your Seminar posts across at least three
separate days of each week. This will help maximise the value of your
collaboration with classmates and serve to meet the learning objectives for
each activity.
Individual Synthesis
By Wednesday (Day 7), post a final summary of approximately
250 words of what you have learned from this activity, including any shifts in
your understanding relating to the publicness of public goods and services and
whether or not they are likely to contribute more to resolving complex social
problems than private goods and services. Incorporate examples from the
Learning Resources, your own research and/or your own experience to support
your work.
Submit your summary to the Turnitin link provided and post to
the Seminar Forum.
Module Project
Required
Public service impact across public sector management paradigms
Over the course of the last 3 weeks, you have analysed public
services from a service user’s perspective. As such you have looked into
impact, outputs, outcomes, and then went deeper into the issues to establish
the values at the very core of delivering a public service.
For this first deliverable of your Module Project, you will
critically review scholarly understandings of public service impact across the
three public sector management paradigms: traditional public administration,
new public management and networked governance.
To prepare for this Assignment:
Review the first three weeks’ Learning Resources with a focus on
the intended Learning Objectives so far.
Review the Week 1 Module Project preview and look ahead to the
upcoming deliverables in Week 5 and Week 8.
Identify 3-5 scholarly resources that you will use to inform
your work throughout the Module Project.
To complete this Assignment:
By Wednesday (Day 7), submit a
brief (approximately 500 words) paper in which you address the following:
·
How is impact conceptualised in the
papers you have identified so far?
·
What public service outputs and
outcomes do the authors explore?
·
What indications are there, in these
papers, about the public sector management paradigms characterising the
assumptions about impact?
Fully justify all your assumptions and claims using your own
experience, the Learning Resources or your own research. Cite your work using
the Harvard Liverpool Referencing System.
Module Project Outline
In addition to your paper, complete a one-page outline for the
entirety of your Module Project. Include key details regarding outputs,
outcomes and impact and 3-5 scholarly resources that you will use to inform
your work. Cite your resources using the Harvard Liverpool Referencing System.
Include your outline in the same Word document as your paper.
This assignment should be prepared and submitted to Turnitin
using the Word (.doc or .docx) format no later than midnight your local time.
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Week 4 Seminar
Accountability
For this week’s Seminar, we will apply the theory of public
accountability to the Baby P case study. In particular, you will identify two
forms of accountability which are apparent in the case study and explain how
they manifest in the case.
To prepare for this Seminar:
Review this week’s Learning Resources with a focus on this
week’s Learning Objectives.
Review the case study materials in relation to the Baby P
serious case review in children services.
Watch the media in relation to the Baby P case.
Identify two forms of accountability which seem relevant to the
case.
To complete this Seminar:
Initial Response
By Sunday (Day 4), in a response of approximately 300-500
words, address the following issues/questions:
·
Explain how your chosen forms of
accountability manifest in the Baby P case study.
·
In terms of the expectations imposed
by these forms of accountability, can you see any challenges for the
professionals involved?
Collaboration
By Wednesday (Day 7), post three to five responses to your
colleagues by:
Offering contributions based upon your prior experience
Extending the discussion into new but relevant areas
Modelling or promoting critical reflection from what you have
read
Ensure that you spread your Collaboration posts across at least
3 separate days of each week. This will help maximise the value of your
collaboration with colleagues and serve to meet the learning objectives for
each activity.
This week, you will be graded only on your Initial Response to
the Seminar questions and receive a formative evaluation of your Collaboration
responses. Next week, you will be graded on your Collaboration responses for
both Weeks 4 and 5, as well as your synthesis of the Seminar topic.
Submit your Initial Response to the Turnitin link provided and
post to the Seminar Forum.
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Week 4 Personal Development Portfolio
What is
the likely impact of your MPA degree programme?
Assess the significance of the interaction between public and
private value of the learning you have acquired in your MPA degree programme.
To prepare for this Assignment:
Review resources in relation to the concepts of public and
private value.
Review the work undertaken previously in your Week 2 PDP.
To complete this Assignment:
By Wednesday (Day 7), submit a response of approximately
500 words that addresses the following questions:
·
What is the public value you attach
to learning in your MPA programme?
·
What is the private value you attach
to learning in this programme?
·
How can you link each value types
with the notions of outputs and outcomes, indeed impact of this programme on
your career?
·
Is there any link you can establish
between public or private value of the programme and your life-long learning
rather than your career alone?
This assignment should be prepared and submitted to Turnitin
using the Word (.doc or .docx) format no later than midnight your local time.
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Week 5 Seminar
Performance Management (continued from Week 4)
For this week’s Seminar, we move from accountability as control
of professional work concerning Baby P to the tools of that control: the
performance measurements used to depict overall quality of care for children in
Haringey local authority where the case occurred. This quality was deemed by
the regulator to be very good (three stars awarded to the local authority)
immediately before the death of the baby. Soon after, this diagnostic changed
and it did so more than once through the course of the serious case review
process following a serious incident such as this one.
To prepare for this Seminar:
Review your Week 4 Seminar as necessary.
Review your learning materials, in particular the empirical
paper by Kominis and Dudau (2012) about performance measurement in public
sector partnerships.
To complete this Seminar:
Critically analyse examples from the Baby P case study
illustrating the link between accountability and performance management, intra-
and inter-organisationally.
Collaboration, continued
Until Monday (Day 5), post three to five responses to your colleagues considering the
following points in your discussion:
What additional accountability challenges arise from
inter-organisational accountability?
What additional measurement challenges arise from
inter-organisational performance measurement regimes?
Ensure that you spread your Seminar
posts across at least three separate days of each week. This will help maximise
the value of your collaboration with classmates and serve to meet the learning
objectives for each activity.
Individual Synthesis
By Wednesday (Day 7), post a final summary of approximately 250 words of what you have
learned from this activity, including any shifts in your understanding of
performance measurement systems in relation to public service effectiveness.
Incorporate examples from the Learning Resources, your own research and/or your
own experience to support your work.
Submit your summary to the Turnitin link provided and post to
the Seminar Forum.
Module Project
Required
Public service impact across
public sector management paradigms (preview)
Throughout this module you will critically review the literature
to unravel how scholarly understandings of public service impact vary across
different governance paradigms: traditional public administration
(bureaucracy), new public management (market) and networks/partnerships. This
is to enable you to reflect meaningfully upon accountability challenges given
the ‘messiness’ of social and policy problems as well as to compare tools for
accountability enactment (e.g. performance measurement systems) across national
cultures.
As you explore these governance paradigms, you will be
challenged to meet several deliverables that include:
A 1,500-word review of scholarly understandings of public
service impact across the three public sector management paradigms: traditional
public administration, new public management and networked governance.
A 1,500-word essay reflecting critically upon the challenges for
accountability in the tackling of complex social problems.
A 3,500-word comparative analysis between your country and
another of your choice (e.g. a colleague’s) on the relationship between public
service impact and performance measurement.
This Module Project preview is to help you in preparing for your
project work later in the module. There is no formal submission this week. Your
outline of the Module Project is due in Week 3, a more substantial draft is due
in Week 5 and your final submission is due in Week 8.
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Week 6 Seminar
Evaluation of Public Services
This week we have explored the contested issue of public service
‘quality’, in particular noticing how this is in the eye of the beholder, while
reflecting on measurements offering an illusion of objectivity. For this
Seminar, you will turn your attention to the Baby P case study to reflect upon
different evaluations of children’s services in Haringey by different
‘evaluators’ and on whether the media played the role of a mediator or of an
evaluator in the case. Then, you will analyse consumerist and
citizenship-driven reactions to the serious case review.
To prepare for this Seminar:
Review this week’s Learning Resources with a focus on this
week’s Learning Objectives.
Review the case study materials in relation to the Baby P
serious case review in children services.
Review the media in relation to the Baby P case.
Review Week 1 materials relating to different representations of
public service users.
To complete this Seminar:
Initial Response
By Sunday (Day 4), in a response of approximately 300-500 words, address the
following issues/questions:
·
How would you explain the difference
in ‘quality’ perceptions of Haringey children services before, during and after
the publicity around the Baby P case?
·
How would you describe citizens’ and
‘consumers’, respective reactions to the professionals involved in the Baby P
case?
·
Compare and contrast different
‘evaluations’ of children’s services in Haringey, from a consumerist and a
client perspective?
·
What role do you feel media had in
filtering these reactions and evaluations? Drawing on the Learning Resources,
or your own research, fully justify all your assumptions and claims. Cite your
work using the Harvard Liverpool Referencing System.
Collaboration
By Wednesday (Day 7), post three to five responses to your colleagues by:
Offering constructive comments on your colleagues’ perspectives
Offering contributions based upon your prior experience
Extending the discussion into new but relevant areas
Modelling or promoting critical reflection from what you have
read
Ensure that you spread your
Collaboration posts across at least 3 separate days of each week. This will
help maximise the value of your collaboration with colleagues and serve to meet
the learning objectives for each activity.
This week, you will be graded only on
your Initial Response to the Seminar questions and receive a formative
evaluation of your Collaboration responses. Next week, you will be graded on
your Collaboration responses for both Weeks 6 and 7, as well as your synthesis
of the Seminar topic.
Submit your Initial Response to the Turnitin link provided and
post to the Seminar Forum.
Next week, you will continue this Seminar by examining child
protection policy outcomes for a range of stakeholders.
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Week 7 Seminar
Stakeholder Perspectives (continued from Week 6)
This week’s Seminar continues from last week, debating perceptions
of the quality of children’s services. These perceptions vary from one
evaluator to another and service users perceive their quality differently as
well. This difference is said to be part reliant on people’s assumptions about
their roles as customers, citizens, or clients.
To prepare for this Seminar:
Review this week’s Learning Resources with a focus on this
week’s Learning Objectives.
Review your Week 6 Seminar as necessary.
To complete this Seminar:
This week, extend this argument beyond ‘labels’ and consider
that the difference in perceptions may also be due to belonging to different
stakeholder categories: families, professionals, the government, and citizens
with no personal experience of the service.
Collaboration, continued
Until Monday (Day 5), post three to five responses to your colleagues considering the
following points in your discussion:
In your view, what is a ‘good’ child protection policy outcome
for the following stakeholders:
families supported by public agencies,
social workers,
the government,
citizens without prior personal experience of the child
protection services.
Outline one similarity and one difference between the child
protection system in the UK and in your own country.
Ensure that you spread your Seminar
posts across at least three separate days of each week. This will help maximise
the value of your collaboration with classmates and serve to meet the learning
objectives for each activity.
Individual Synthesis
By Wednesday (Day 7), post a final summary of approximately 250 words of what you have
learned from this activity, including any shifts in your understanding.
Incorporate examples from the Learning Resources, your own research and/or your
own experience to support your work.
Submit your summary to the Turnitin link provided and post to
the Seminar Forum.
Week 7 Personal Development Portfolio
What is the likely impact of your MPA degree programme?
For this final PDP submission, you will reflect on where you are
now compared to the beginning of your MPA programme.
To prepare for this Assignment:
Review your prior PDP submissions as necessary.
Consider your ambitions from the start of the MPA programme, and
consider your ambitions now in terms of the goals you have set and achieved.
To complete this Assignment:
By Wednesday (Day 7), submit an approximately 1,250-1,500-word response that addresses
the following questions:
What were my ambitions from the programme?
What do I still need to do?
How will this programme help me achieve what I want to achieve?
Have my ambitions changed during the programme?
Incorporate, and update as necessary, your Week 2 and Week 4 PDP
submissions into the same Word document as this PDP entry. This new entry should
be approximately 500 words, while the full PDP should be 1,250-1,500 words.
This assignment should be prepared and submitted to Turnitin
using the Word (.doc or .docx) format no later than midnight your local time.
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Week 8 Seminar
Synthesis
A certain view of policy-making as a place for negotiation between
different stakeholders’ groups suggests that the use of evidence is approached
differently by different groups (Six, 2002). Politicians seek unstructured,
often informal, evidence about opportunities (although political leaders do so
differently than elected members). In contrast with this competitive
opportunism, policy analysts working in government departments rely on
structured evidence, often in stable databases and collaborate with each other
in sharing this information.
For this week’s Seminar, you are asked to choose a position
-i.e. of a politician (leader/elected member) or a political analyst working
inside a government department (of Children and Families or equivalent). From
your chosen perspective, you are expected to lobby for the introduction of a
yellow card/red card policy to link performance measurement of social workers’
contribution to service impact in child protection. The policy essentially
links poor outcomes to individual performance through record keeping and any
social worker with two records of involvement in an adverse event is
automatically striked off the registry and cannot practice social work again,
on grounds of poor performance.
Reference:
Six, P. (2002) ‘Can policy-making be evidence-based?’ MCC: Building Knowledge for
Integrated Care, 10 (1), pp.3-8.
To prepare for this Seminar:
Review this week’s Learning Resources with a focus on the role
of evidence (i.e. for knowledge creation or information gathering).
To complete this Seminar:
Initial Response
By Saturday (Day 3), in a response of approximately 300-500 words, address the
following issues/questions:
·
What is your chosen perspective on
the Seminar question - are you a politician (and, if so, a leader or an elected
member) or a policy analyst (and if so, do you work for the government or a
think tank /external organisation)?
·
What would a ‘yellow card’/‘red
card’ policy around social workers’ performance entail?
·
How can social workers’ performance
be linked to policy /service impact in children’s services?
·
On a continuum between trust and
control in social workers, which one does your answer reveal bias towards?
Fully justify all your assumptions and claims using your own
experience, the Learning Resources or your own research. Cite your work using
the Harvard Liverpool Referencing System.
This week, you will receive a
formative evaluation of your Initial Response to the Seminar questions and you
will be graded only on your Collaboration responses.
Collaboration
By Wednesday (Day 7), post three to five responses to your colleagues by:
Offering constructive comments on your colleague’s posts.
Offering contributions based upon your prior experience.
Extending the discussion into new but relevant areas.
Modelling or promoting critical reflection from what you have
read.
Ensure that you spread your
Collaboration posts across at least 3 separate days of each week. This will
help maximise the value of your collaboration with colleagues and serve to meet
the learning objectives for each activity.
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Module Project
Required
Public service impact across
public sector management paradigms
To prepare for this Assignment:
Review this week’s Learning Resources with a focus on the use of
evidence for accountability purposes.
Review your previous Module Project submissions and your Week 2 PDP
submission.
To complete this Assignment:
By Wednesday (Day 7), submit a 5,000-word paper in which you address the
following:
How does impact relate to performance measurement?
How does this vary across administrative cultures? (Undertake a
comparative analysis between your country and another of your choice (a
colleague’s).
Fully justify all your assumptions and claims using your own
experience, the Learning Resources or your own research. Cite your work using
the Harvard Liverpool Referencing System.
Incorporate, and update as necessary, your Week 3 and Week 5
Module Project assignments into the same Word document as this Module Project
submission.
This assignment should be prepared and submitted to Turnitin
using the Word (.doc or .docx) format no later than midnight your local time.
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